Selected Technical Papers
Authored by members of APA technical services and their collaborators, the following papers discuss results of various topics in wood-design research. APA scientists and researchers maintain active participation in international committees and conferences in addition to their work on code and standard development for engineered wood products.The following selection of technical papers, indexed by subject, are among APA's most frequently requested studies.
Building Science
Effects of Exterior Insulation on Moisture Performance of Wood-Frame Walls in the Pacific Northwest: Measurements and Hygrothermal Modeling.
Glass, S., B. Yeh, and B. Herzog. 2016.
University Park, PA: 3rd Residential Building Design and Construction Conference at Penn State. 20 p.
Field Moisture Performance of Wood-Framed Walls with Exterior Insulation in a Cold Climate. Research Paper FPL-RP-698.
Boardman, C.R., S. Glass, R. Munson, B. Yeh, and K. Chow. 2019.
Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 40 p.
Five Ds of Moisture Management: Deflection, Drainage, Drying, Distance, and Durable Materials.
Beebe, K. and M. Kam-Biron. 2016.
Seattle, WA: SEAOC 2016 Convention Proceedings. 18 p.
Hygrothermal Modeling of Wall Drying after Water Injection.
Boardman, C., K. Chow, S. Glass and B. Yeh. 2019.
Clearwater Beach, FL: Buildings XIV International Conference, pp. 887-894. 8 p.
The Role of the Structural Engineer in Zero Net Energy Construction.
Beebe, K. 2014.
San Diego, CA: SEAOC 2014 Convention Proceedings. 13 p.
Cross-Laminated Timber
The Cross-laminated Timber Standard in North America.
Yeh, B., S. Gagnon, T. Williamson, and C. Pirvu. 2012.
Auckland, NZ: World Conference on Timber Engineering. 10 p.
Environmental Attributes
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Engineered Wood Products.
Zylkowski, S. and C. Frihart. 2017.
Springfield, Oregon. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 4 p.
Glulam
Effect of Checking and Non-Glued Edge Joints on the Shear Strength of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Beams.
Yeh, B., T.G. Williamson and Z. A. Martin. 2006.
Florence, IT: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/39-12-3. 11 p.
Evaluation of Fire-Retardant Treated Structural Glued Laminated Timber.
Yeh, B., J. Chen and S. Zelinka. 2020.
Tacoma, WA: USDA Joint Venture Agreement 16-JV-11111135-079. Final Report - Part 2 of 2. 28 p.
Evaluation of Glulam Shear Strength Using a Full-Size Four-Point Test Method.
Yeh, B. and T. G. Williamson. 2001.
Venice, IT: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/34-12-2. 14 p.
Fire Performance of FRP Reinforced Glulam.
Williamson, T.G. and B. Yeh. 2006.
Florence, IT: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/39-16-1. 9 p.
High-Strength I-Joist Compatible Glulam Manufactured with LVL Tension Laminations.
Yeh, B. and T. G. Williamson. 2001.
Venice, IT: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/34-12-1. 15 p.
In-Grade Evaluation of U.S. Glulam Beams, End Joints, and Tension Laminations.
Yeh, B., J. Chen and T. Skaggs. 2017.
Kyoto, Japan: International Network on Timber Engineering Research, INTER Paper 50-12-01. 12 p.
Laminating Lumber and End Joint Properties For FRP-Reinforced Glulam Beams.
Williamson, T. G. and B. Yeh. 2009.
Duebendorf, CH: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/42-12-3. 11 p.
Shear Strength of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Based on Full-Size Flexure Tests.
Yeh, B., T. G. Williamson, and M. O'Halloran. 1999.
Rotorua, NZ: Pacific Timber Engineering Conference. Vol. 1, p 199-206.
Standard Practice for the Derivation of Design Properties of Structural Glued Laminated Timber in the United States.
Williamson, T.G. and B. Yeh. 2007.
Bled, SI: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/40-12-4. 11 p.
Using Computer Models to Predict the Performance of Structural Glued Laminated Timber.
Yeh, B. 1996.
New Orleans, US: International Wood Engineering Conference. Vol .1, p 136-143.
I-Joists
Adhesive Performance at Elevated Temperatures for Engineered Wood Products.
Yeh, B., B. Herzog and T. G. Williamson. 2005.
Karlsruhe, DE: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/38-18-1. 11 p.
Composite Action of I-Joist Floor Systems.
Williamson, T.G. and B. Yeh. 2008.
St. Andrews, CA: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/41-10-1. 11 p.
Evaluation of Adhesive Performance at Elevated Temperatures for Engineered Wood Products.
Yeh, B. and R. Brooks. 2006.
Portland, OR, US: World Conference on Timber Engineering. 9 p.
Performance of Full-Scale I-Joist Diaphragms.
Yeh, B., B. Herzog, T. Skaggs. 2016.
Graz, AT: International Network on Timber Engineering Research, INTER 49-15-5. 14 p.
Performance Standard Considerations for I-Joists Used in Residential Floor Construction.
Yeh, B., T. G. Williamson, and M. O'Halloran. 1999.
Rotorua, NZ: Pacific Timber Engineering Conference. Vol. 3, p 115-122.
Lateral Load
A Portal Frame Design for Raised Wood Floor Applications.
Williamson, T.G., Z.A. Martin and B. Yeh. 2005.
Karlsruhe, DE: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/38-15-9. 9 p.
Advancements in Force Transfer Around Openings for Wood Framed Shear Walls.
Beebe, K. and T. Skaggs. 2015.
Seattle, WA: 2015 SEAOC Convention Proceedings.
13 p.
Evaluation of Force Transfer Around Openings—Experimental and Analytical Studies.
Yeh, B., T. Skaggs, F. Lam, M. Li, D. Rammer, and J. Wacker. 2011.
Tacoma, WA: APA – The Engineered Wood Association. 149 p.
Full-Scale Shear Wall Tests for Force Transfer Around Openings.
Skaggs, T., B. Yeh, F. Lam, D. Rammer, and J. Wacker. 2010.
Nelson, NZ: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/43-15-5. 10 p.
In-Plane Racking Tests of Continuous Sheathed Wood Structural Panel Wall Bracing.
Skaggs, T. D., E. L. Keith, B. Yeh, P. Line, and N. Waltz. 2014.
Bath, UK: International Network on Timber Engineering Research. INTER/47-15-7.
13 p.
Lateral Load Performance of SIP Walls with Full Bearing.
Yeh, B., T. Skaggs, X. Wang, and T. Williamson. 2018.
General Technical Report FPL-GTR-251.
Madison, WI: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 23 p.
Lateral Load Performance of Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) Diaphragms.
Yeh, B., T. Skaggs, X. Wang, and T. Williamson. 2019.
Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. FPL-RP-700. 17 p.
Modelling Force Transfer Around Openings of Full-Scale Shear Walls.
Skaggs, T., B. Yeh, D. Rammer, J. Wacker, F. Lam, and M. Li. 2011.
Alghero, IT: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/44/15/3. 11 p.
Modelling Wood Structural Panel Portal Frame Response.
Skaggs, T. and B. Yeh. 2012.
Växjö, SE: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/45-15-5. 14 p.
Narrow Shear Walls—A Portal Frame Solution.
Williamson, T. G. and B. Yeh. 2004.
Lahti, FI: World Conference on Timber Engineering. 7 p.
Narrow Wall Bracing (APA Report T2012L-16).
Keith, E. 2012.
Tacoma, WA: APA – The Engineered Wood Association. 43 p.
Narrow Wall Bracing—Eight Foot Tall Walls (APA Report T2012L-30).
Keith, E. 2012.
Tacoma, WA: APA – The Engineered Wood Association. 44 p.
Structural Composite Lumber
Creep and Creep-Rupture Behavior of Structural Composite Lumber Evaluated in Accordance with ASTM D 6815.
Yeh, B. and T. G. Williamson. 2007.
Bled, SI: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/40-12-5. 11 p.
Design of Multiple Bolted Connections for Laminated Veneer Lumber.
Yeh, B., D. Rammer, and J. Linville. 2014.
Quebec City, CA: World Conference on Timber Engineering. 10 p.
Design of Rim Boards for Use with I-Joist Framing Systems.
Yeh, B. and T. G. Williamson. 2004.
Edinburgh, UK: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/37-10-1. 11 p.
Effect of Holes on the Structural Capacities of Laminated Veneer Lumber.
Yeh, B. and B. Herzog. 2018.
Seoul, Republic of Korea: 2018 World Conference on Timber Engineering. 8 p.
Evaluation of Fire-Retardant Treated Laminated Veneer Lumber.
Yeh, B., J. Chen and S. Zelinka. 2020.
Tacoma, WA: USDA Joint Venture Agreement 16-JV-11111135-079. Final Report - Part 1 of 2. 40 p.
Full-Scale Edgewise Shear Tests for Laminated Veneer Lumber.
Yeh, B. and T. G. Williamson. 2002.
Kyoto, JP: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/35-21-1. 14 p.
Wood Structural Panels
Acceptance Criteria for the Use of Structural Insulated Panels in High Risk Seismic Areas.
Yeh, B., T. D. Skaggs, T. G. Williamson, and Z.A. Martin. 2004.
Edinburgh, UK: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/37-15-7. 11 p.
Combined Shear and Wind Uplift Resistance of Wood Structural Panel Shearwalls.
Yeh, B. and T. Williamson. 2008.
St. Andrews, CA: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/41-15-6. 12 p.
Creep Behavior of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs): Results from a Pilot Study.
McDonald, D., M. Begel, C.A. Senalik, R.J. Ross, T.D. Skaggs, B. Yeh, and T. Williamson. 2014.
Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. Research Paper FPL-RN-0332. 12 p.
Design Adjustment Factors for Structural-Use Panels.
Yeh, B., A. Kuchar and E. Elias. 1992.
Pullman, WA: 26th WSU International Particleboard/Composite Materials Symposium. 9 p.
Development of Engineering Properties for Structural Panels.
Han, M., M. O'Halloran, S. Zylkowski, and B. Yeh. 1996.
New Orleans, US: International Wood Engineering Conference. Vol. 4, p 14-19.
Evaluation of Creep Performance of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs): Phase 2.
McDonald, D.E., M. Begel, C.A. Senalik, and T. Williamson. 2018.
Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. Research Paper FPL-RP-697. 12 p.
Joint Research Report: Wood Structural Panel & Foam Insulation Systems.
Yeh, B., B. Herzog, and S. Glass. 2014.
Tacoma, WA: APA-The Engineered Wood Association & USDA Forest Products Laboratory. USDA Joint Venture Agreement 11-JV-11111136-070. 67 p.
Nail Withdrawl and Pull-Through Strength of Structural-Use Panels.
Herzog, B. and B. Yeh. 2006.
Portland, OR, US: World Conference on Timber Engineering. 8 p.
Using Wood Structural Panels for Shear and Wind Uplift Applications.
Yeh, B. and E. Keith. 2010.
Riva del Garda, IT: World Conference on Timber Engineering. 10 p.
Wind Tunnel Tests for Wood Structural Panels Used as Nailable Sheathing.
Yeh, B., A. Cope, and E. Keith. 2013.
Vancouver, CA: International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18–Timber Structures. CIB-W18/46-15-7. 11 p.